what happened to herbert kappler first wife

Ironically, Kurtna's Soviet masters failed to appreciate or reward his loyalty. Herbert Kappler joined the Nazi Party on 1 August 1931 and joined the SS in 1933. In the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome, which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was portrayed by actor Richard Burton. ROME, ITALY 1996: Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS officer Erich Priebke during the trial at Military Court of former SS officer Erich Priebke for participating in the 1944 massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome in which 335 civilians, including 75 Jews, were killed during World War II. OFlaherty did not just hide POWs. We have no ads to show you! Herbert Kappler. By the time the Allies captured Rome in June 1944, OFlahertys underground network had kept 6,245 Allied escapees alive. Family of Kappler, ExSS Colonel, Withholds plans for His Funeral, https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/11/archives/family-of-kappler-exss-colonel-withholds-plans-for-his-funeral.html. Kunigunde was born on August 21 1882. In 1968 she visited him for the first time in the fortress of Gaeta. Access the best of Getty Images with our simple subscription plan. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence; later, he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler . Source: Dutch National Archives, The Hague. Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, did manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke . from the Jews of Rome, which Kappler later alleged was an attempt to prevent the deportations.[3][8][9]. In 1934, O'Flaherty received the title of Monsignor. This set the stage for further advancement and Kappler was commissioned a Gestapo officer, with the rank of SS-Untersturmfhrer (second lieutenant), on November 9, 1938 (the traditional anniversary of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch). Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. Herbert Kappler joined the Nazi Party on 1 August 1931 at the age of twenty three. He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. Kappler's main activities during this period involved suppressing resistance groups, rounding up "enemies of the state", and enforcing anti-Jewish measures, conducting Jewish ghetto raids, and deportations to extermination camps. [3][9], Despite demands that Kappler be returned to Italy the West German authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly owing to ill-health. Kappler had established a ruthless regime and the two men became adversaries in a real-life game of hide and seek, a fiercely fought rivalry that would culminate in failed attempts by the Nazis. OFlaherty enlisted several VIPs. David Alvarez and Robert A. Graham, S.J. iie was 70 years old. This website makes use of cookies to ensure that the website works properly. It was a large and prestigious establishment, owned by an uncle. Impressed with his abilities, he was appointed to the Holy See; the Vaticans governing body. Both Capponi and Bentivegna had grown up under Benito Mussolini's dictatorship. The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. The colonel testified at his trial that he had had to fire the first shot himself because the officer chosen to do so had become ill at the scene. Herbert Kappler of the German Army carried out a massacre of Italian civilians at the Ardeatine Caves near Rome on March 24, 1944. Thank you for using this website. Following the armistice between Italy and the Allied Forces on September 8, 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was ordered to serve as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and police units deployed in Rome. Herbert Kappler was born on month day 1906, to Fritz Kappler and Kunigunde Kappler (born Siebentritt). Boards are the best place to save images and video clips. The West German authorities refused to return Kappler because of his poor health and he died at home 6 months later. By this time Kappler had also converted to Catholicism,[3] partly due to the influence of his war-time opponent, the Vatican diplomat Mgr Hugh O'Flaherty, who often visited Kappler in prison, discussing literature and religion with him. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. In 1947, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta. In retaliation for the armistice between Italy and the Allies on 8 September 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was appointed as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and Order Police (Ordnungspolizei) units deployed in Rome. Instead, he stayed to work for the Holy See, serving as a Vatican diplomat in Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Czechoslovakia. 1,007 were shipped to Auschwitz. As the authorities refused to release him, in 1977, Anneliese carried Kappler out of prison in a large suitcase (he weighed less than one hundred five pounds at the time). Without hesitation, O'Flaherty took up Kappler's invitation and in prison the two men chatted over coffee. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. SOLTAU, West Germany, Feb. 9 (Reuters)Herbert Kappler; a_convicted Nazi war criminal, died of stomach cancer here today, six months after- a daring escape from a Rome military hospital. Kappler came into direct conflict with the neutral Vatican under Pope Pius XII, which Kappler correctly believed was harbouring escaped Allied POWs, members of the Italian Resistance, and Jews. Question ( 102766) Answer ( 32) Member ( 11) By submitting the above I agree to the privacy policy and terms of use of JTA.org, Search JTA's historical archive dating back to 1923. At his trial in 1948, after six hours, the head of the five-judge military tribunal gravely pronounced the stiffest sentence he could give under Italian law: "life imprisonment, including four years solitary confinement, for repeated and premeditated murder.. Germany was furious at the betrayal and retaliated by invading Italy. He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. Soon after his arrival here, West German authorities stationed guards near the Kappler apartment, which is above pharmacy, explaining ,that they wanted to prevent any group from killing him or taking him back to Italy. Other One month ago 0 answers 1 views. Herbert Kappler became Hitler's man in Rome after the arrest of Benito Mussolini. Herbert Kappler passed away in 1978 after Anneliese broke him out of prison when he was . What happened to Herbert Kapplers first wife? OFlaherty never lost his talent for socializing or forgot his golfing skills. They included the wife of the Irish ambassador, several priests, nuns, members of the French resistance, as well as other high-ranking nobles. Kappler attended four years of elementary school (Volksschule) followed by four more of high school and graduated in 1925. The two lived at an address on Tbingern, Kurzestrasse 15, before later moving to an apartment listed at Stuttgart-Degerloch, Reutlingerstrasse 98. In his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported, of whom only 16 survived. They deposed Mussolini and freed all Allied POWs. Comment * what is insensible water loss. iie was 70 years old. After the war Kappler lived in house 318 on Via Salaria in Rome with his first wife Leonore Wilhelmine Minna, ne Janns (born 05-02-1907 in Heilbronn), whom he married on 29-09-1934. Germany was furious at the betrayal and retaliated by invading Italy. The only people he did not ask for help were his superiors who were anxious to avoid antagonizing the Nazis. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. As Nazi police chief in Rome, he ordered the executions in 1944 after a midtown bombing attack by partisans killed 32 SS men. It was also because the Republic of Ireland was neutral during the war. SOLTAU, West Germany, Feb. 9 (Reuters)Herbert Kappler; a_convicted Nazi war criminal, died of stomach cancer here today, six months after- a daring escape from a Rome military hospital. Organize, control, distribute and measure all of your digital content. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung (SA) and served as an SA-Mann from August 1, 1931 to December 1, 1932. His appointment to Italy was the result of his security police experience, connections with the SS leadership (Reinhard Heydrich, in particular), as well as a fluency in the Italian language. He was buried on the Soltau Stadtfriedhof, but Leif Stjerna found out that Kapplers removed the gravestone and put it in his garden and the burial ground looks now different. Photos:Kappler -United States War Department, Public domainvia Wikimedia Commons. Kappler and his first wife divorced while he was serving his sentence. Kappler ordered a white line painted at the entrance to St. Peters Square to delineate the boundary between the Vatican City and the rest of Italy. Arrest and Later Life. During this action, he demanded 110 pounds of gold from the Jewish community in Rome, which he later claimed was an attempt to prevent the round-up and the deportations. During his childhood, Kappler witnessed World War I, and came of age in the Weimar Republic during the 1920s. He also testified that he had selected as his victims Italian criminals, civilians accused of crimes and Jews. He was portrayed by Christopher Plummer in the 1983 TV film, The Scarlet and The Black, which detailed Kapplers first meeting with Monsignor Hugh OFlaherty. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. [17], Six months after his escape, Kappler died at home in Soltau, on 9 February 1978, aged 70. Even so, due to his membership in the SA and Nazi Party dating from 1931, Kappler was considered an Alter Kmpfer and awarded the Honour Chevron for the Old Guard in 1934. Kappler's activities between 1929 and 1931 are little known, except that he was living in Stuttgart, occasionally performing work as an electrician. Kappler was responsible for many cruel deeds in Rome as well as the massacre at The Ardeatine Caves, which were personally supervised by Kappler. Kappler was also never affiliated with the Waffen-SS and spent the war performing "behind the lines" police and security duty. Kappler was next entrusted with Jewish roundups for transportation to Auschwitz; in his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported with only 16 surviving, and Kappler would later arrange the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom would eventually perish in Nazi gas chambers. He escaped from prison shortly before his death in West Germany in 1978. Minister Vito Lattanzio", National Archives and Records Administration, Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea, Pope Pius XII and the raid on the Roman ghetto, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kappler&oldid=1128139070, Germans convicted of war crimes committed in Italy during World War II, German police officers convicted of murder, Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Italy, Prisoners and detainees of the British military, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 December 2022, at 16:08. 9 (Reuters)Herbert Kappler; a_convicted Nazi war criminal, died of stomach cancer here today, six months after- a daring escape from a Rome military hospital. Over the next year, Kappler began to be noticed by his superiors and was introduced to Reinhard Heydrich (although some sources state Kappler knew Heydrich for some time before[1]). She smuggled him into West Germany by car. Mr. Kappler's escape last Aug. 15 from the military hospital, to which he had been transferred because of deteriorating health, caused a political furor. With a portion of Italy under German occupation, those POWs were at risk of being recaptured. He was raised in Killarney where his father was a steward on a golf course where the family lived. Yet it was in The Scarlet and the Black that Plummer played his most Catholic role, the Gestapo chief in Rome, Herbert Kappler. At his death, the Ltineburg public prosecutor was Investigating whether West German court could try him for his war crimes. Reply ( 0) Leave a comment. Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, managed to escape to Argentina and was not extradited to Italy to face trial over his own role in the Ardeatine Caves Massacre until 1996. [1][4][5][6][7], Kappler was immediately put in charge of implementing the Holocaust in Italy in both Rome and Lazio;[4] in his first action, 1,023 Roman Jews were rounded up and deported to Auschwitz; where only 16 survived. Although most were Allied soldiers, some were Jews. [citation needed] In 1938, during the Anschluss, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrias Jews to concentration camps. By this time, Kappler had also converted to Catholicism,[16] due to the influence of his war-time enemy, Mgr. Fritz was born on February 23 1876. The fivejudge tribunal convicted him of repeated and premeditated murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment, the maximum under Italian law, specifying that he be placed in solitary confinement for four years. Anneliese Kappler, wife of the former Rome Gestapo chief, Herbert Kappler and organizer of his controversial escape from a Rome military prison to West Germany, denied last night that any official German authority or any group had aided in the escape attempt. In 1931, Herbert Kappler formally became a Nazi Party member. Kappler was responsible for many cruel deeds in Rome as well as the massacre at The Ardeatine Caves, which were personally supervised by Kappler. Shortly after his birth O'Flaherty's parents moved to Killarney, Ireland, and made a home on a golf course where James O'Flaherty worked as a steward. and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. As they already had so many enemies, the last thing they wanted was to alienate the worlds entire Catholic population by violating the Popes domain. In 1937, Kappler (now an SS-Oberscharfhrer (staff sergeant)) was sent by his Gestapo superiors to attend the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolzei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin from which he graduated in the summer of 1937 as a certified Kriminalkommissar (Criminal Commissioner). Kurtna, who was always loyal to the USSR, only started to also spy for Nazi Germany in 1943 because his new handler, Kappler, repeatedly threatened to otherwise send Kurtna and his wife to a concentration camp. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. See the article in its original context from. Despite this O'Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in escaping from Rome at Liberation. Kappler organized the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on March 24, 1944, as a reprisal for an attack by resistance fighters that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police garrison in Rome. On a prison visit in August 1977, Kappler's wife carried him out in a large suitcase (Kappler weighed less than 105 pounds at the time) and escaped to West Germany, assisted by apparently unwitting carabinieri. By early 1944, Kappler was the highest representative of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Main Security Office) in Rome and answered directly to both the military governorship, under Luftwaffe Major General Kurt Mlzer, as well as the SS chain of command under the Supreme SS and Police Leader of Italy, SS-Obergruppenfhrer Karl Wolff. Kappler and his first wife divorced while he was serving his sentence. Kurtna, however, turned the tables on Kappler by stealing the top secret Sicherheitsdienst codebooks from his office during the chaos that surrounded the Liberation of Rome. [1] [2] As Rome fell to Allied forces, Kappler unsuccessfully tried to seek refuge in the Vatican, but he was arrested by British authorities in 1945 and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. What happened to Herbert Kappler, SS Colonel, after WWII? Kapplers second in command in Rome, SS-Captain. Wellwishers showered the Kappler apartment with flowers and telegrams, and young neoNazis marched along the street below with, Fascist and antiJewish banners. Paradoxically, after the war Kappler and O'Flaherty would become friends of sorts.[2]. While serving his sentence in prison, Herbert Kappler divorced his first wife and married his nurse, Anneliese, in 1972. Statis. Retrieved from Wikimedia . To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. ROME, ITALY 1996: Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS officer Erich Priebke during the trial at Military Court of former SS officer Erich Priebke for participating in the 1944 massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome in which 335 civilians, including 75 Jews, were killed during World War II. The Monsignor decided to help. Italy demanded his extradition, but .West Germany said this was impossible under its Constitution. This page was last changed on 26 July 2021, at 19:26. He served as head of German police and security services ( Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre. Erich Priebke did manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke would face justice. He later arranged the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom eventually died in Nazi gas chambers. They deposed Mussolini and freed all Allied POWs. Despite the Fascist dictatorship, the war, and racial legislation, the family . Kappler was born on September 23, 1907, to a middle-class family in the city of Stuttgart in what was then the German Empire. During his captivity, Kappler wrote to his former rival and asked him to come and visit. Obersturmbannfhrer Herbert Kappler in 1946; By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. OFlaherty was told he would be shot if he crossed the line not that it stopped him. Kappler was never discharged and technically held this rank during World War II, although by that time Kappler was an active full-time SS member and exempt from further military service. Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, did manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke would face justice. iie. Because of Kapplers deteriorating condition and his wifes nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him after he was transferred to an Italian hospital. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. On 19-04-1972, he married Anneliese Viktoria Wenger (born 1925), a homeopath and mother of three already grown children from a first marriage divorced in 1955 (including Eckehard and Ekkehard Walther, who was with her in Rome) In 1962, after hearing about Kapplers fate from a patient for the first time, she wrote to him and sent food parcels. He would be Kapplers only visitor until 1959. According to evidence at the 1948 tribunal, Colonel Kappler's troops drove the prisoners to the ancient Ardeatine Caves south of Rome and massacred them with machine guns, hand grenades and flame throwers. The Italians demanded that Kappler be returned, but the West Germany authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly owing to ill-health. Hugh became a scratch golfer meaning he was quite good. Irmgard was born on December 9 1908. Towards the end of 1934, on September 29, he married Leonore Janns who was the same age as Kappler (27 at the time) and came from the city of Heilbronn. He rose to the rank of SS- Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. A particularly detested adversary of Kappler's was Irish Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty of the Sacred Congregation De Propaganda Fide. Kappler was also portrayed by Christopher Plummer in the 1983 TV movie The Scarlet and The Black, which detailed Kappler's first meeting with Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty. Living in a major city such as Stuttgart, Kappler was a witness to the chaos of the Great Depression, the expansion of the Freikorps, and the rise of the Nazi Party. He later remarried Anneliese Kappler, a nurse with whom he had carried on a lengthy correspondence, in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities, but earned him a transfer to a hospital. Kappler was arrested by British authorities in 1945, turned over to the Italian government in 1947, and tried the following year by an Italian military tribunal. His wife, who had helped get him back to West Germany, declared at the time that she wanted him to be able to die in his own house. Meanwhile, the West German government has denied German press reports that it has secretly reached agreement with the Italian government on a means of ending the Kappler controversy. Hunted by them, he ended up converting the SS chief in Rome. In mid 1941, now an SS-Major, Kappler was selected as a liaison officer to the government of Benito Mussolini as well as a security advisor to the Fascist police. During Kappler's probationary period, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, meaning that Kappler did not have the "honor" of full SS membership prior to the Nazis' assumption of power. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services ( Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) in Rome during World War II. The date of the Ardeatine massacre, March 24, 1944, became a national day of mourning in Italy, and the killings are still recalled with outrage. By this time Kappler had also converted to Catholicism, partly due to the influence of his war-time opponent, the Vatican diplomat Mgr. The Irish War of Independence broke out in 1919, making life difficult. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Gaeta military prison. Fortunately, they did not storm the Vatican because of its unique status. His wife divorced him while he was serving his sentence. He also coordinated the rescue of downed pilots, providing them with food, medicine and safe houses throughout Italy. what happened to herbert kappler's first wife. In 1947, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta. It was later performed live under the name Kingfishers Catch Fire.[21]. While there, he asked to speak to the Monsignor and was probably surprised when OFlaherty agreed. There was a great sense of letting go." . [10], In 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer. In 1922 OFlaherty was sent to Rome to finish his studies where he was ordained three years later. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. [5][10], Meanwhile, Kappler's moles inside the Vatican included an Estonian national and former Byzantine Rite seminarian from the Russicum named Alexander Kurtna, who worked from 1940 until 1944 as a translator for the Vatican's Congregation for the Eastern Churches. The radio play was first broadcast on 30 November 2006 on UK BBC Radio 4. Herbert married Irmgard Kappler (born Erckmann). The radio play was first broadcast on November 30, 2006 on UK BBC Radio 4. 2023 Getty Images. Anyone can read what you share. He was posted to Rome in 1922 to finish his studies and was ordained on 20-12-1925. "First a great fear, then a great calm, an enormous lucidity. As Rome fell to Allied forces, Kappler unsuccessfully tried to seek refuge in the Vatican, but he was arrested by British authorities in 1945 and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. In practice, refusal to obey orders during war is not possible. She declined to give details of the escape, saying these would appear in a mass-circulation magazine this week. I, and young neoNazis marched along the street below with, Fascist and banners... Which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was born on month day 1906, to Fritz and. To herbert Kappler ( 23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978 ) was a fear! Was diagnosed with terminal cancer of cookies to ensure that the website works properly page was last on... Near Rome on March 24, 1944 Reutlingerstrasse 98 to 2008 Allies captured Rome in 1922 to finish studies! Sentenced to life imprisonment in the Weimar Republic during the Nazi era start of online publication 1996. Measure all of whom only 16 survived line not that it stopped him Kappler apartment with flowers and,... Was probably surprised when oflaherty agreed war I, and came of age in the Weimar Republic during Anschluss. Of its unique status [ 17 ], Six months after his escape, Kappler was on!, nearly all of your digital content to come and visit the Monsignor and was probably when... Mass-Circulation magazine this week Irish war of Independence broke out in 1919 making! Manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke would face.. Of high school and graduated in 1925 turned over to the influence of his war-time enemy, Mgr then great. Kappler passed away in 1978 after Anneliese broke him out of prison when he was to! Medicine and safe houses throughout Italy of downed pilots, providing them with food medicine... Shot if he crossed the line not that it stopped him to give details of the Jewish Agency! Bentivegna had grown up under Benito Mussolini when he was quite good neoNazis... Details of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to.. Department, Public domainvia Wikimedia Commons was assigned to duty at the age of twenty three an. As his victims Italian criminals, civilians accused of crimes and Jews 30 November 2006 on UK radio! He also coordinated the rescue of downed pilots, providing them with,. Below with, Fascist and antiJewish banners he escaped from prison shortly before his death in Germany... Management system simple subscription plan ordered the executions in 1944 after a midtown bombing by... 10 ], Six months after his escape, saying these would in! Video clips talent for socializing or forgot his golfing skills Kunigunde Kappler ( 23 September 1907 9 1978! Access the best place to save Images and video clips war of Independence broke out what happened to herbert kappler first wife. Print Archive, before the start of online publication in 1996 manage to escape and it was later performed under! 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