UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. Licensee IntechOpen. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. According to him, the ideal way is for the Ministries of Waterfront Infrastructure Development and Physical Planning and Urban Development to lead a Lagos Lagoon Management Plan, a 30-year master plan that will detail the usage, preservation and envision what Lagos Lagoon will look like in the next three decades. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. ( See also city; urban planning .) Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. Lagos, located in the south-western region of western Nigeria, is a city perpetually on the brink of flooding. Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Minna. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. Books > They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. The problem of this action is that the nipa palm forest after being cleared is repossessed by the government for infrastructural developments, which rather than reduce the negative effect worsen the situation of the coast. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. The ordinance was a contributory factor to the formation of Planning Agency known as Lagos Executive Development Board (LEBD) then. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. sea-side resort, roads, houses, light poles and shopping malls. So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. Agricultural activities can lead to the reclamation of coastal area to establish rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. 1. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. A proposed mangrove protect ted area design where no exploration, exploitation or reclamation activity will occur in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. However, their predicament began when a company known as Nigerian Westminster Dredging and Marine Limited commenced sand filling project at Lagos Lagoon, at the foot of Third Mainland Bridge at Oworonshoki. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Nigeria, ordered alphabetically by state. But a land or coastal area that has been plundered and polluted may loss its economic value [2]. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. Land reclamation in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, which in all ramifications affect the environment. The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. by SurefireFashion: 11:32pm On Mar 17, 2017 following Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. The white patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. The next kind of management is human management [19]. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. I have noted four (4) problems/challenges people will most likely encounter in this line of business and also proffered some good solutions to them. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $64 billion . 5. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. Port-Harcourt, Warri and Lagos are at the sea level. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. The implication of the influx of activities at the coast is the solidification of the swamps resulting to the gradual loss of biodiversity [11]. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. Some even consider the Land Use Act as the only law governing land and landed property in Nigeria. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. He however, berated the sponsors of the reclamation exercise, adding that the estates they are constructing in the reclaimed areas dont accommodate the low and the middle class, adding that their motive is primarily to make money. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. red, white and black mangroves) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis. Land reclamation Boskalis is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. However, as viable as the reclamation activities are, many analysts, as well as the residents of the communities where the reclamation activities are taking place, take dim view of the activities. Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by Continuous mining leads to the deformation of the coast lines and the destruction of aquatic organisms, which results in extinction of species. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. Accumulation of dredged spoil converts the swamp to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the coasts [3]. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. The bulldozers that fall the trees and the trucks that evacuate the logs all generate smoke which pollutes the surrounding air leading to poor air quality, and resulting in acid rain. When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. Cultural activity such as fish farming results in the reclamation of coastal areas and the balkanization of river tributaries. Reclamation can be used to revert rain-deficient (arid) areas by irrigation, the removal of pollutants (salt, alkali, etc.) Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the river. Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60's in Nigeria's economic capital. It is a regular progress or change by plant and animal due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. They engage in it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities. In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. Changes in land form lead to changes in the biogeography of the area. Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. Advertisement The tender for the. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. The sand was brought out from the river by suction pressure through long pipes. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. Colombo is a wetland city at heart - but Sri Lankans need reminding too often, says ChethikaGunasiri, an environmental scientist with the Wetland Management Division of Sri Lanka's Land Reclamation and Development Corporation. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. The surrounding coastal area that was dredged and reclaimed was twice the existing land surface. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. We provide you with the latest breaking news. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. Done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the point that cynics mischief-makers. Nutrients embedded in towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal to. That cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard form manure, which to! 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